Sperm is divided into three main parts.
Head: Contains the nucleus. Inside the head, the acrosome stores enzymes that are essential for penetrating the egg.
Midpiece: Contains numerous mitochondria, which generate energy to enable sperm motility.
Tail: Functions like a propeller, allowing the sperm to move and controlling the direction of movement.
Abnormal sperm can appear in various forms, such as a head that is too small or too large, a bent neck, a neck with a cytoplasmic droplet, or tail abnormalities, including a coiled tail, a tail split into two, or a missing tail.
Abnormal sperm, regardless of which part is affected, can lead to infertility because it reduces fertilization ability, may result in slow-developing or poor-quality embryos, lowers pregnancy rates, and increases the risk of miscarriage.
Source: Prime Fertility Center Website

